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What is knitted fabric?
News - 2015/12/21
What is knitted fabric?
Knitted Fabrics
Knitting is the construction of an elastic, porous fabric, created by interlocking yarns by means of needles. Knitted fabrics can be made much more quickly and easily than woven fabrics at comparatively less cost. Knitted fabrics are generally light in weight, comfortable in wear even during travel, but yet require little care to keep their neat appearance. The tendency of knits to resist wrinkling is another factor to boost up their popularity. Knitted fabrics are used for designing active clothing such as sports clothing.
Their elastic nature permits for abundant physical activity. Knitted fabrics are produced by two general methods. Warp knitting and weft knitting. They are made as flat or tubular fabrics depending on the end use. Tubular fabrics may not have any seams at the sides where as flat fabrics are treted just like woven fabrics.
Knitted Fabric Types
Jersey Knit
These fabrics are weft knitted and are characterised by distinct but flat vertical lines on the face and dominant horizontal ribs on the reverse side. Fancy varieties are also produced. They are used in making hoisery sweaters, sports wear etc.
Rib knits
These fabrics are made by using rib stitch with two sets of needles. These fabrics are used where stretch is desired as they show excellent degree of elasticity. Rib knits are warm to wear. They are used as apparels such as shirts, blouses, body stockings etc.
Double knit
Double knits are produced by the interlock stitch. The fabrics is riblike in appearance on both the sides. Decorative fabrics are also produced by jacquard attachment. These fabrics show good dimensional stability and are easy to cut and sew. They do not require any seam finishes as the fabric does not ravel. They are firm, heavier, less stretchable and more resilient. Double knits are commonly made from polyester, cetate or wool fibres. They find use as every durable apparels.
Knitted fur fabrics
A wide range of knitted fur fabrics are available in the market. The fabrics are produced by pile knitting. The extra set of soft filament yarns used form the pile on the surface of the fabric. The pile is cut and the fabric are finished similar to the original fur. These fabrics are mainly used for coats and trimmings for other dresses.
Reasons why fabrics are blended
The important reason for blending fibres is to produce better performance. By blending we can improve the characteristics that are poor in one fibre, by blending it with another type of fabrics that excel in those characteristics For example polyester when blended with cotton, the resultant fabric has moderate absorbancy which is almost nil in polyester.
To improve the texture, hand or feel and appearace of fabrics blending of wool fibres with polyester produces the desired texture for suiting materials. Viscose when blended with cotton improves it's lusture and softness and there by enhances it's appearance.
To reduce the cost This is sometimes one of the important reasons for blending of fibres. The cost of a very expensive fabric can often be reduced by blending with another cheap fibre. For example expensive wool is blended with cheaper polyester to reduce the cost.
To produce cross dyed efffects Fibres with unlike dye affinity are combined and dyed together so that it produce interesting cross dyes effects as one fibres take up the colour and the other retains its original colour.
To improve the spinning, weaving and finishing efficiency for example the spinning efficiency of polyester is improved by blending with cotton to produce spun yarns.
Blending may be done before or during spinning. It can be done at the opening and blending stage. though it facilitates perfect blending it poses problems and so it is not in much use. Even at the sliver stage over drawing or roving or spinning frames blending can be done. Blending over drawing frame is most commonly used today. slivers of different fibres are combined over drawing frame depending on blend ratio. They are drawn to get a single silver which is later processed into yarn.
Types of Blended Fabrics
Among the various tyes of blends available today, the most popular fabrics are terry cotton, terry wool, polyester viscose. Polyester cotton viscose blends are most common. Various effects and combinations of properties are produced from these blends depending on the fibres used and the percentage of these fibres used in each blend.
Terry Cotton
Fabrics of various blend ratios are available in the market today. A blend of 65% polyster and 35% cotton is common. The other blend ratios are 67/33, 70/30, 50/50, 45/55, 52/48, 80/20 polyester and cotton respectively are also available.
A blend of 65/35 polyester and cotton produces satisfactorily a fabric for daily wear. 59/50 blend produces more softer and more absorbent fabric. Polyester when blended with cotton contributes more strength wrinkle resistance and shape; retention, cotton produces comfort as it provides absorbency and heat conduction. The polyeste r cotton blend is most suited for not only India but also for other tropical countries.
Terry-wool Suiting Fabrics
The excellend shape retention of polyster is the foremost contribution to worsted fabrics which show poor shape retention. Polyester provides excellent wrinkle resistance and crease retention that contributes to shape retention whether wet or dry. Depending on the blend ration polyester increases the strength of wool fabrics. Wool provides warmth resiliency, drapability and absorbency depending on the blend ratio.
Blends of polyester and wool are available in ranges from 65% polyster and 35% wool to 60/50, 55/45, 5/50 respectively. A blend of 65/35 will be suitable to produce a light weight, all season suiting. for medium worsteds 60/40 blend is suitable. When more warmth is required 50/50 blends should be opted.
Polyster Viscose Rayon
The blend of polyester with viscose contributes durability, resiliency and shape retention. The wet strength of the resultant fabric is also improved, viscose provides absorbency, soft texture and variety of colour. Blend of polyester and viscose generally ranges from 65% of polyester and 35% viscose to 55/45, 45/55, 48/52 respectively. Among these blend levels 48/52 and 65/35 are commonly used for school uniforms and suiting materials.
